yrammuS 要概109Khairurrijal110Yessi PERMANAFabrication of Chitosan Nanofiber-Based Membrane for Antibacterial Filter Applications(Project 2015)Conversion of Glycerol Derivative into Fine Chemicals: γ-Butyrolactone Production from Allyl Alcohol using Co(II)(Project 2015)77totally different with open surgery procesure. Morever, the limited visual feedback must be performed during MIS procedure. Needle insertion is one of simple MIS procedure. Its procedures are often used to take sample of soft tissue (biopsy) or give local drug with a direct procedure. Before the needle insertion technique used in the real situation, it essential to train this type of medical student skills. The research was development a open platform of needle insertion simulator with haptic feedback that providing the medical student a realistic feel encountered during the actual procedures. The hardware of training simulator consists of the dummy of human body, the lever system for coupling force from a hand to an actuator, a camera and a screen that displays visual feedback to guiede user during inserting needle trough the body. The software of haptic simulator is consist of sitffness model of resemble skin and liver tissues and module of realtime communication with haptic actuator. As input for a model, a needle position was detected based on the encoder of haptic actuator and a model was calculated feedback force and send to the haptic actuator. This model can bring the sensation of touch through the perceived force feedback on haptic actuator by looking at the different force in accordance with modeling in each layer. For performance of haptic simulator was tested for 24 voluntters on 3 scenarios of tissue model. Each voluntter must insert the needle on simulator until rearch the target point with visual feedback that visualized on the monitor. The results shown that proposed needle insertion simulator with haptic feedback could be used for basic training of medical student. The quality of clean water will greatly affect human’s life. Declining water quality will lead to various health problems. One thing that contaminate water hence lowering its quality is the presence of bacteria. The presence of bacteria can be reduced into minimum by using water filtration using nanofiber membranes. The Membrane filtration is then combined with chitosan material that has the ability to kill bacteria in contaminated water. Considering that the shrimp shell as a source of chitosan is quite abundant in Indonesia, the chitosan is then a promising option for the development of chitosan membrane filtration. The membrane filtration used depends on the existing manufacturing process and control parameters. Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique for synthesizing continuous nanofiber. The electrospinning technique can be done easily, economically and rapidly. This technique has also been developed with optimization and customization of tools for rapid mass production using multi-nozzle setting. The special characteristics of nanofiber, which is its large ratio of surface area to its volume, is an advantage that can be applied to Chitosan to be used as membrane filtration material. In this research, we have successfully synthesized nanofiber using materials combinations Poly acrilonitrille (PAN) and chitosan.Allyl alcohol (2-propenol) can be generated from glycerol, a renewable material which is abundantly available as a byproduct in palm oil productions. In this research, we attempted a conversion of allyl alcohol into γ-butyrolactone (GBL), an important industrial chemical in automotives, polymers, paints and coating industries using Co(II) as catalyst precursors. The strategy is by a cyclocarbonylation of allyl alcohol using carbonyl cobalt. Cyclocarbonylation of allyl alcohol using Co2(CO)8 has been reported to achieve GBL and polyester. Our preliminary results showed that GBL of 23% (NMR yield) was achieved by Co2(CO)8 when it was employed in the reaction at 160 °C for 23 h with CO pressure of 33 bar. Although Co(0) of Co2(CO)8 activated relatively well the cyclocarbonylation process, the observed activity was still low. Moreover, the use of this Co(0) gave a high cost issue in its utilization. Here we studied a possibility to use Co(II) salts as catalyst precursors in the reaction.
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