Indonesia is one of the tropical fruits producer countries with banana as one of highly produced fruit in this country. The genetic diversity of banana is abundant in Indonesia (about 200 cultivars have been identified from more than ~1000 available cultivars). However, the genetic information is very limited and become an obstacle 111I Nyoman MarsihYogi Wibisono BUDHI112Fenny Martha DWIVANY113Synthesis of nanoflowers γ-Alumina as Support of Cobalt for Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts(Project 2015)Treatment of CO Containing Automotive Exhaust Gas Emission Using a Novel Method of Dynamic Operation of Fixed Bed Reactor(Project 2015)Transcriptome and Expression Profile Analysis of Banana Genes that Play a Role in Ethylene Synthesis For Application in Agriculture Field(Project 2015)The reduced dimer cobalt(0) carbonyl from Co(II) salts were achieved when we employed phosphines/water and phosphite/water as reducing agents. The Co(0) was confirmed from clear carbonyl vibrations in the range of 1946 to 1996 cm-1. 31P NMR and Raman analyses were also employed to confirm the presence of Co-P bonding. We also studied plausible mechanistic routes of GBL production from allyl alcohol using a DFT/B3LYP calculation approach and found that GBL formation was more preferably than a growing polyester.Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions convert synthesis gas (H2 and CO) into hydrocarbons with the aid of a catalyst. In this study, flower-like γ-Al2O3 as supported iron and cobalt catalysts were prepared and tested for Fischer-Tropsch reactions. The γ-Al2O3 support and catalysts were characterized using XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM and SEM. The catalyst activity was tested in Fischer-Tropsch reactions carried out at 200 oC, atmospheric pressure, syngas flow rate of 13 mL/min, and H2 to CO ratio of 2. The catalyst activity, measured as CO-conversion, was 32% for Co/Al2O3 catalyst, and 21% for Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. The Co/Al2O3 catalyst is slightly more selective towards longer-chain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon mixture derived from FT reactions on Fe/Al2O3 catalyst consists of 79% C1-3, 17% C4 and 4% C5. While hydrocarbons produced on Co/Al2O3 catalyst are 75% C1-3, 15% C4 and 10% C5. The catalyst activity tests also revealed that Fe/Al2O3 is more active for Water Gas Shift (WGS), producing around 2% CO2 as a byproduct. There is no detectable CO2 in the reaction product of Co/Al2O3 catalyzed reactions.Carbon monoxide emission associated with automotive exhaust gas, even very low concentration, poses tremendous health and environment impacts. The CO concentration emitted from automotive exhaust gas is remarkably lean, leading to very slow CO oxidation in homogeneous condition. The use of three-way catalyst (TWC) containing Pt based catalyst is very essential to convert CO, NOx, and hydrocarbon into harmless gases. Catalytic converter is a device which has been widely applied to abate such emission. This study investigated a novel transient operation procedure of the catalytic converter during cold start-up period. The switching time was varied from 3 up to 30 seconds. The feed flow rate larger than 0.631 ml/s was not influenced by the external mass transfer limitation. The reaction temperature was ramped-up from 50 until 150oC. Modulated CO feed flow gave lower light-off temperature and higher average CO conversion than steady state condition. Switching time of 3 seconds gave highest CO average conversion during ramping-up.78
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