yrammuS 要概Bonar Tua Halomoan Marbun 107108Veinardi SuendoOptimization of Tubular Goods Material Selection in Injection Well for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Application - GUNDIH CCS PILOT PROJECT(Project 2017)Coffee-ring and SERRS Effect on Drop Coating Deposition Raman Substrate for Enhancement Raman Signal of Porphyrins(Project 2017)73Rep. Grant. Res., Asahi Glass Foundation (2018)measured data to determine correlation between individual and combining parameters, which become the basis to formulate the model.Nowadays, CO2 emissions in Indonesia have been significantly growing as the fossil fuel consumption increased. It has drawn attention from the government to implement Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a potential solution to reduce CO2 emissions. Through Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the government appointed a project team consisting of university researchers, national oil company, and foreign technical and financial institutions to develop the first CCS pilot project, which will determine the future of CCS projects in Indonesia. The CCS pilot project aims to inject the produced CO2 from an oil field back into the reservoir with capacity 30 tons/day in 2 years. Well JPN-1, a former exploration well, was selected as a candidate to be converted into CO2 injector well. Casing and tubing resistance to corrosion became a critical issue when evaluating the feasibility of well JPN-1 as CO2 injector well, since the well had been abandoned since 2008. Moreover, well JPN-1 should be evaluated to confirm that the well could withstand the CO2 injection criteria, as well as could overcome the corrosion problem.This paper discussed well integrity evaluation of well JPN-1 focusing on corrosion analysis and tubing material selection using Electronic Corrosion Engineer® (ECE) software. The corrosion analyses were conducted by calculating corrosion rate and corrosion resistance time for several tubing sizes under the CO2 injection criteria. The existing 9 5/8” casing and 7” liner in well JPN-1 were included in the evaluation since they will be exposed to the CO2 stream during the injection. Various carbon steel tubing with 1.2% chromium content was also investigated. The result showed that the existing 9 5/8” casing and 7” liner and carbon steel tubing would not meet the injection scenario without corrosion and failures and recommended the use of 22 Cr duplex, 25 Cr Duplex, Alloy 28, Alloy 825, Alloy 2550, and Alloy C276 tubing material, which could fulfill the CO2 injection criteria. In addition cost analysis was also conducted to estimate the cost of workover. This corrosion study confirmed that it was feasible to convert well JPN-1 into CO2 injection well. In this report, we develop modified DCDR technique using Au plate as substrate. Au substrate is well-known to exhibit low background signal and less interaction with the samples, thus provides clean Raman signals with minimum fluorescence interference. It is essential to realize that clean Raman measurement technique without artifact will lead to high quality and reliable data for valid interpretation, in particular for the Raman analysis of porphyrins. Moreover, Au substrate also provide another advantages due to its low interaction with the samples where the substrate is reusable after cleaning. Au plate shows a better performance as DCDR substrates than other substrates, such as Tantalum, ITO and Aluminium. Raman signal on Au substrate is enhanced more than on other substrate beyond pre-concentrated analyte or “coffee-ring” effect only. Here, the Au substrate also provides SERS and/or SERRS effects due to its noble metal nature and the presence of surface roughness. TPP deposited on Au substrate shows strong Raman signal that even stronger compared to the solid crystal TPP. Moreover, deposited sample is observed to be very stable in laboratory environment.
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