旭硝子財団助成研究成果報告2019

82/88

117Kosasih Prijatna118Elvi RestiawatyDetection of Sea Level Change due to Super Typhoon Haiyan Using Multi-mission Satellite Altimetry (Case Study: Indonesian Water) (Project 2018)Optimization of Operating Condition for Cellulose Nanocrystals Production from Agro-Industrial Waste (Project 2018)78旭硝子財団　助成研究成果報告（2019）The Republic of Indonesia, whose two-thirds of its territory consists of oceans and is located at the equator, is directly affected by oceanic and atmospheric circulations, which are the cause of the tropical cyclone Haiyan. The impact of this cyclone can reach hundreds of kilometers in the form of high waves and storm surge, which have implications for the changes in the sea level. Satellite altimetry is used to detect such phenomena since it allows for wide coverage, good range, and temporally continuous data availability. The result of this study shows that tropical cyclone Haiyan cannot be directly identified from the record of sea level dynamics by satellite altimetry. This is due to the contribution of global oceanic circulation, interannual signal, and Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which still contaminate the anomaly of sea level from the recording of satellite altimetry. This research deals with optimization of operating condition for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) synthesis, which can be applied as the support matrix for the immobilized enzyme. CNC was synthesized from agro-industrial waste using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation method with variation of oxi-dant concentration. The potential of agro-industrial wastes of rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and empty fruit bunch of palm as CNC raw materials was investigated. The surface modification of CNC was performed before it was used as a support matrix of the immobilized enzyme. The crystallinity of CNC was characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the surface of the CNC sample was confirmed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The dimensions of the CNC were observed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The functional groups of samples were confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Based on TEM result, CNC from rice straw had the length of 100 nm and width of 20 nm with crystallinity about 71%, while CNC from sugarcane bagasse had the length of 600 nm and width of 10 nm with crystallinity about 82%. In addition, CNC from empty fruit bunch of palm oil had the length of 70 nm and width of 25 nm with crystallinity about 50%. After surface modification, the crystallinity of CNC decreased slightly with CTAB concentration of 2 and 4 Mm and increased by using a greater CTAB concentra-tion of 8 mM. For immobilization cellulase enzyme, CNC was mixed with glutaraldehyde as cross link agent. The activities of free cellulase and immobilized cellulase to the support matrix of CNC-A (CNC from rice husk) and CNC-B (CNC from sugarcane bagasse) were 1.46, 0.85, and 2.55 U/g, respectively.