5624谷口 浩二消化器癌におけるサイトカインの機能解析Koji TANIGUCHI松井 鉄平Teppei MATSUI(2018採択)Functional analysis of cytokines in gastrointestinal cancer(Project 2018)意思決定の脳内機構解明を加速するマルチカラー・マルチスケールイメージング法の開発(2018採択)Development of Multi-Color and Multi-Scale Imaging for Understanding Neural Mechanism of Decision Making(Project 2018)IL-6シグナルのエフェクターとしてJAK-STAT3経路が有名であるが,最近,著者は新たなエフェクターとしてSrc-YAP経路を発見し,腸の再生に重要であることを報告した.今回の研究では,消化器がんと消化器再生における炎症,Src-YAP経路とJAK-STAT3経路の活性化機構と役割を明らかにすることを目的とした.まず腸オルガノイドにおいてがん抑制遺伝子APCの欠損によりSrc-YAP経路とJAK-STAT3経路が活性化されることを発見した.さらにSrc-YAP経路とJAK-STAT3経路を阻害剤で同時に抑制することで単剤投与に比べて大腸がん,膵臓がん,食道がん細胞の増殖をより効果的に抑制できることが明らかとなった.Src阻害剤とJAK阻害剤はすでに一部が治療薬として他の疾患に承認されたり,治験が行われたりしている.そのため,今回の研究結果はヒトへの臨床応用も早期に行うことが可能と期待される.The JAK-STAT3 pathway is well known as an effector of IL-6 signal, but recently, the authors discovered the Src-YAP pathway as a new effector and reported that it is important for intestinal regeneration. The purpose of this study is to clarify the activation mechanism and role of inflammation and the Src-YAP and JAK-STAT3 pathways in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and regeneration. First, we discovered that both the Src-YAP path-way and the JAK-STAT3 pathway are activated by the deletion of the tumor suppressor gene APC in intestinal organoids. Furthermore, it has been clarified that by simultaneously suppressing the Src-YAP pathway and the JAK-STAT3 pathway with inhibitors, the growth of colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal cancer cells can be suppressed more effectively than when administered alone. Some Src inhibitors and JAK inhibi-tors have already been approved for other diseases as therapeutic agents and are undergoing clinical trials. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study can be applied clinically to humans in the near future.本研究課題の目的は,意思決定に関わる神経活動を理解するために,千個程度の単一神経細胞の活動と大脳皮質全体に渡る神経細胞集団の活動とを同時に記録する手法を開発することである.最終的な目標としては,開発した新規手法を用いて意思決定に関わる脳内機構を解明することを目指している.これまでに,神経細胞集団の活動,それを反映する脳代謝信号,および単一神経細胞の活動を精確に計測するための光学的手法を開発した.この手法を使い,脳代謝活動と単一神経細胞の新しい関係性を見出した.更に,意思決定には脳深部の活動の計測も不可欠であるという観点から,電気生理学的手法と組み合わせることを試みている.The purpose of this research project is to develop a method for simultaneously recording the activity of about a thousand single neurons and the activity of a neuron population throughout the cerebral cortex in order to understand the neural activity involved in decision making. The ultimate goal is to elucidate the brain mecha-nisms involved in decision making using the newly developed method. So far, we have developed an optical method for accurately measuring the activity of a neural population, the brain metabolic signal and the activi-ty of single neurons. Using this technique, we found a new relationship between brain metabolic activity and single neurons. Furthermore, we are trying to combine it with electrophysiological methods to take into ac-count deep brain activity that is also indispensable for decision making.
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