101Elvi RESTIWATY102Deni SUWARDHIRemediation of Bauxite-Mining Polluting Water using Modified Clay(Project 2020)Heritage Smart City Planning (HESTYA)(Project 2020)69plastic waste. Thermodynamic evaluation showed the possibility of reducing iron oxide from red mud. Lab-scale vertical furnace and bench-scale electric furnace trials have been performed and showed that the high temperature processing of Indonesian red mud is technically feasible. A possible route for high temperature processing of red mud has been suggested.Montmorillonite can be extracted from clay mineral, such as bentonite that is widely available in Indonesia. Montmorillonite was modified using cation exchange and the addition of surfactant. The original cations of montmorillonite were exchanged using cation Na(I) or Ca(II) to form Na-montmorillonite and Ca-montmorillonite. Na- or Ca-montmorillonite was further modified by adding benzalkonium chloride to synthesize organoclay-Na and organoclay-Ca. The final modified clay was used as adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from the bauxite-mining polluting water. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the organoclay was measured. The CEC of organoclay-Na (85.87 meq./100 g) was higher than of organoclay-Ca (65.33 meq./100 g). The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of organoclay-Na on Fe(III), Cr(III), and Ni(II) were 99.92, 46.29, and 43.32 mg/g, respectively. On the other hand, the qm value of organoclay-Ca for Fe(III), Al(III), Cr(III), and Ni(II) were 63.00, 54.62, 54.17, and 37.18 mg/g, respectively. Heavy metal adsorption kinetics of Fe(III), Cr(III), and Ni(II) met the pseudo second order kinetics model. Percentages of Fe(III), Cr(III), and Ni(II) removals were 79, 54, 44% using organoclay-Na for 100minutes operation in batch system. The percentage of heavy metals removal using organoclay-Na is better than using organoclay-Ca.Smart city is a concept of urban development that requires different technologies to integrate all elements of the city into a sustainable city system, and three-dimensional (3D) city model can support that concept. In this research, the 3D mapping techniques will be used to create a 3D city model are photogrammetry and laser scanning, which can generate point clouds and can be used to document objects in 3D. The participatory mapping method also will be used to form a more detailed 3D building model using simple techniques for measuring the room distance on building. The 3D city model then will be stored in 3D spatial database and management system to visualize the 3D model and to manage the data. The purpose of this study is to create a 3D city map for documentation and management of cities, especially for cultural heritage areas, and involve the role of the community in participatory mapping. This research will use complex area of Kasepuhan Palace, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia as a case study. That area is a cultural heritage area which have complicated objects and unique information to document.
元のページ ../index.html#73