yrammuS 要概78pattern. In this research, we are able to form the tumors that are closer to the one in the living body in vitro. This has made it possible to observe living tumor in real time, which was not possible until now. Further-more, as a result of seeding cells with differences in malignancy on the substrate, we found that their behav-iors were different. It has also become possible to capture the true appearance of living cancer tissue that es-capes immunity, and to analyze the dynamics of cancer tissue.大腸菌のシャペロニンタンパク質GroELは，変性状態のポリペプチド鎖を基質として認識し，機能的なタンパク質へと折りたたむ機能をもつ．本研究では，細胞内で形成されたGroEL-基質(UGT1A)複合体を分離・精製することに成功した．これは，GroELが変性した基質タンパク質を選択しカプセル化する最初の反応段階のモデル分子と考えられる．この複合体の構造を，クライオ電子顕微鏡を用いた単粒子解析により，分解能2.7〜3.5 Åで決定した．種々の複合体分子をクラス分けすることで，GroELが基質タンパク質を認識する際の特徴的な分子の動きを解明することに成功した．The Escherichia coli chaperonin protein, GroEL recognizes polypeptide chains in a denatured state as sub-strates and folds them into functional proteins. In this study, we succeeded in isolating and purifying the intra-cellularly formed GroEL-substrate(UGT1A) complex. This is considered a model molecule for the first reac-tion step, in which GroEL selects and encapsulates the denatured substrate protein. The structure of the complex was determined using cryo-EM single particle analysis at 2.7-3.5 Å resolutions. By classifying the various complex molecules, we revealed continuous three-dimensional motions of GroEL during substrate protein recognition.透明な多結晶セラミックスは，高出力レーザー装置の開発において重要な材料であり，単結晶を凌駕するレーザー出力が得られている．一方，光学的異方性を有する非立方晶（光学的異方性）材料は，複屈折による粒界散乱が光学品質を低下するため，レーザー品質は得られないと考えられている．本研究では，六方晶フッ化アパタイトに焦点を当て，その透明セラミック化と蛍光機能発現を目的に研究を実施した．特に，Er, Tm添加による中赤外蛍光体としての可能性を調査した．Transparent polycrystalline ceramics is an important component especially in high average power laser sources, and laser output pulse energy exceeding that of single crystals has been realized. On the other hand, non-cubic materials with optical anisotropy are considered to not be able to obtain laser quality because grain boundary scattering due to birefringence degrades optical quality. In this study, hexagonal fluorapatite are studied as non-cubic ceramic laser materials and their optical and material properties are characterized. Espe-cially, the possibility of Er and Tm doped fluorapatite are mainly investigated as mid-infrared phosphors.溝端 栄一Eiichi MIZOHATA古瀬 裕章異方性透明セラミック蛍光体の創成と特性評価Hiroaki FURUSEクライオ電顕とX線自由電子レーザーの融合によるシャペロニンの構造機能相関の解明（2020採択）Elucidation of structure-function relationship of chaperonin by combined use of cryo-EM and X-ray free electron laser(Project 2020)（2021採択）Development and characterization of anisotropic transparent ceramic phosphors(Project 2021)27Rep. Grant. Res., Asahi Glass Foundation (2023)
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